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Surveillance
Defined
as Collection of Accurate and Complete Epidemiological Information,
which is relevant to distribution and Spread of infection in a given
geographical area over a time period.
Process
involves Generation, Collection, Analysis and Evaluation of the
Epidemiological data.
HIV
Sentinel Surveillance
It
is the activity carried out Every Year within Same Population in the
same Time Interval at Same Designated Sites with basic objectives of
monitoring the trends of epidemic and impacts of Programme activities.
Objectives
To
know the Trends of HIV infection in the population
To
estimate the Prevalence (magnitude) of HIV infection in
the community
To
predict the Outbreak of Epidemic in advance
To
identify Programme Needs i.e. tests, drugs, etc.
To
determine Priority Interventions among Target Groups
To
assess Progress of epidemic over time
To
assess Impact of Programme activities
To
facilitate Documentation
Selection
of sentinel population – Risk Behaviour forms the basis
of selection. It should be representative of in terms of geographical
distribution and type of target groups.
Low
Risk Groups (LRG) viz. ANC, TB Patients.
High
Risk Groups (HRG) viz. STD, CSWs, MSM, IDU, Eunuchs.
Sample
Selection criteria / inclusion criteria.
Once
and only at 1st visit during round irrespective of past attendance.
On
consecutive basis.
Group
Specific criteria.
Sample
Size
250
in High Risk Groups viz. STD, FSW, MSM, IDU, Eunuchs
400
in Low Risk Groups viz. ANC, TB Patients, Police Recruits
HIV
/AIDS scenario in Mumbai in 2005
HIV positivity rate in High Risk Group :
Female
sex Workers------ 30.7%
STI
---19.4%
MSM
---- 6.00%
IDU
----- 12.8%
Transgender
---- 43.9%
HIV positivity rate in Low Risk Group :
ANC
Mother ------ 1.00%
Blood
Bank ----- 0.76%
VCTC
------- 13.43%
PPTCT
------- 1.25%
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